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Met de wet op de gemeentelijke administratieve sancties krijgen de lokale besturen de mogelijkheid om vormen van openbare overlast in te schrijven op hun gemeentelijke politiereglementen en zelf administratief af te handelen. Een belangrijk begrip dat naar voor geschoven wordt door de GAS-wet is het begrip openbare overlast. Dit is echter een concept waar geen eenduidige definitie voor bestaat. In een uitgebreide literatuurstudie wordt nagegaan welke evolutie het handhavingsinstrument GAS in de loop der jaren heeft doorgemaakt en welke gevolgen de onduidelijkheid inzake het concept openbare overlast heeft met betrekking tot de toepassing van GAS. Uit dit alles werden twee onderzoeksvragen geformuleerd die op basis van een casestudie aan de praktijk werden getoetst. De casestudie betrof het onderzoek naar de gevolgen die de invoering van GAS heeft gehad op de strafbaarstelling van gedragingen en welke rol GAS speelt in het overlastbeleid van de drie gemeentelijke besturen Roeselare, Izegem en Hooglede. De gegevens werden verzameld aan de hand van negen kwalitatieve interviews en een grondige documentenanalyse van de politiereglementen. Daarnaast werden de cijfers met betrekking tot de gemeentelijke administratieve sancties voor de meergemeentepolitiezone RIHO, die de voornoemde gemeentelijke besturen uitmaken, geanalyseerd. Binnen deze casestudie werd geen noemenswaardige verhoogde strafbaarstelling van gedragingen vastgesteld en moeten de gevaren van het fenomeen netwidening in de praktijk bijgevolg genuanceerd worden. Daarnaast bleek dat het systeem van de gemeentelijke administratieve sancties, door alle respondenten op één na en mits enkele kanttekeningen, als algemeen positief bevonden werd. Ten slotte bleek heel duidelijk dat het handhavingsinstrument GAS ten allen tijde als stok achter de deur wordt gebruikt, zowel door de gemeentelijke besturen als door de politiediensten.
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Verbandsinterne Untersuchungen sind für die Aufklärung von unternehmensbezogenen Straftaten von erheblicher Relevanz. Ihre Durchführung unterliegt der Verantwortung des Vorstands. Bislang fehlen gesetzliche Vorschriften in Bezug auf die Ausgestaltung und Rechtsfolgen. Die Arbeit geht den Auswirkungen einer im Entwurf gefassten Kodifizierung betreffend verbandsinterne Untersuchungen auf die Pflichten des Vorstands kritisch nach. Dabei werden die vorhandenen Kodifizierungen im US-amerikanischen Recht in den Blick genommen und ein modifizierter Regelungsvorschlag unterbreitet.
Sanctions, Administrative. --- Obligations (Law) --- Personal obligations (Law) --- Civil law --- Promise (Law) --- Administrative penalties --- Administrative sanctions --- Penalties, Administrative --- Administrative law --- Administrative procedure --- Criminal law --- Law enforcement --- Sanctions (Law)
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In answer to the economic crisis, to the scandals and to the frauds, the risk of reputation has emerged (Trotta, Iannuzzi, & Pacelli, 2016). Moreover, the increased power given to regulators (Van Erp, 2013) to disclose penalties including the names of offenders amplified the risk. The media representation of these penalties can seriously damage the reputation of financial institutions concerned. In this context, we study the quantitative impact of the publication of sanctions by UK and French regulators and the qualitative impact of the first media representation of penalties on the reputational risk of UK financial institutions. The sample for the publication of sanctions by the UK regulator is formed on the basis of the year 2013 whereas the sample for the publication of sanctions by the French regulator is formed on the basis of the period from December 2006 to July 2017. The results show an insignificant impact of the publication of sanctions on the abnormal returns. Therefore, the risk of reputation is low. However, we note that the coefficient of determination was diverging. This calls into question the use of good market indexes in the literature. Regarding the first media representation, we analyse in-depth three press articles appeared before the settlement date of sanctions and we find that the press has chosen to cover financial scandals. The content of these articles reflected an opposition to the regulation (“anti-regulation”). The choice and the content of the press limit the impact on the reputation because it tells the facts like structural problems.
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This handbook brings together an international roster of competition law scholars and practitioners to address the issue of sanctions in competition law from all angles. Covering nineteen jurisdictions around the world, the book analyzes the theoretical foundations and practice of sanctioning competition law infringements and, most importantly, cartels. Contributors include a range of experts drawing on criminal law, company law, labor law, human rights, and law and economics, to determine what sanctions are available as a matter of positive law against corporations and individuals, including fines and other criminal, administrative, and civil law sanctions; whether law enforcers are using these sanctions effectively; and if new sanctions - including individual sanctions - should be introduced.
Antitrust law. --- Antitrust law --- Sanctions, Administrative. --- Criminal provisions. --- Administrative penalties --- Administrative sanctions --- Penalties, Administrative --- Administrative law --- Administrative procedure --- Criminal law --- Law enforcement --- Sanctions (Law) --- Anti-trust law --- Competition --- Competition law --- Trusts, Industrial --- Commercial law --- Trade regulation --- Law and legislation --- Law
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Administrative procedure --- -International and municipal law --- -Sanctions, Administrative --- -Administrative penalties --- Administrative sanctions --- Penalties, Administrative --- Administrative law --- Criminal law --- Law enforcement --- Sanctions (Law) --- International law --- Law --- Municipal and international law --- Adjective administrative law --- Adjudication, Administrative --- Administrative adjudication --- Administrative rule making --- Regulatory reform --- Rule making, Administrative --- Procedure (Law) --- Influence --- International law influences --- Law and legislation --- International and municipal law --- Sanctions, Administrative --- -Administrative procedure --- Administrative penalties
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-Sanctions, Administrative --- -343 --- Administrative penalties --- Administrative sanctions --- Penalties, Administrative --- Bestuursorganisatie. Openbaar bestuur--Nederland --- 35.07 <492> Bestuursorganisatie. Openbaar bestuur--Nederland --- Administrative law --- Sanctions, Administrative --- 343 --- 35 --- 343 <492> --- 35.07 <492> --- Administration --- Law, Administrative --- Public administration --- Public law --- Constitutional law --- 343 <492> Strafwetenschappen--(algemeen)--Nederland --- Strafwetenschappen--(algemeen)--Nederland --- Criminal provisions --- Law and legislation
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European law --- Administrative procedure --- -Law enforcement --- -Sanctions, Administrative --- -Administrative law --- -342.06094 --- Ud3 --- Administration --- Law, Administrative --- Public administration --- Public law --- Constitutional law --- Administrative penalties --- Administrative sanctions --- Penalties, Administrative --- Administrative law --- Criminal law --- Law enforcement --- Sanctions (Law) --- Enforcement of law --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Adjective administrative law --- Adjudication, Administrative --- Administrative adjudication --- Administrative rule making --- Regulatory reform --- Rule making, Administrative --- Procedure (Law) --- Law and legislation --- Sanctions, Administrative --- 342.06094
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Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- European law --- European Union --- Sanctions (Law) --- Sanctions (Droit) --- #RBIB:gift.2005 --- 343 <4> --- Sanctions, Administrative --- -Law enforcement --- -Sanctions (International law) --- 341.2422 --- Uf4.3 --- International sanctions (International law) --- Penalties (International law) --- International law --- Enforcement of law --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Administrative penalties --- Administrative sanctions --- Penalties, Administrative --- Administrative law --- Administrative procedure --- Criminal law --- Law enforcement --- Strafwetenschappen--(algemeen)--Europa --- 343 <4> Strafwetenschappen--(algemeen)--Europa --- Policing
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Administrative law --- European Union --- Double jeopardy --- Punishment --- Sanctions, Administrative --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Justice pénale --- Peines --- Sanctions administratives --- Administration --- Administrative penalties --- Administrative sanctions --- Penalties, Administrative --- Administrative procedure --- Criminal law --- Law enforcement --- Sanctions (Law) --- Penalties (Criminal law) --- Penology --- Corrections --- Impunity --- Retribution --- Former jeopardy --- Jeopardy, Double --- Ne bis in idem --- Non bis in idem --- Criminal procedure --- Due process of law --- Prosecution --- Sanctions, Administrative - European Union countries --- Punishment - European Union countries --- Double jeopardy - European Union countries --- Droit pénal (droit européen)
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Sanctions, Administrative --- Sanctions administratives --- Répression administrative --- --France --- --Sanction --- --Infraction --- --Droit administratif pénal --- --Contentieux administratif --- --Sanctions, Administrative --- Decriminalization --- Punishment --- -Decriminalization --- -Punishment --- -343 <44> --- 35.083.122 <44> --- Penalties (Criminal law) --- Penology --- Corrections --- Impunity --- Retribution --- Criminal law --- Administrative penalties --- Administrative sanctions --- Penalties, Administrative --- Administrative law --- Administrative procedure --- Law enforcement --- Sanctions (Law) --- 343 <44> --- Sanction --- Infraction --- Droit administratif pénal --- Contentieux administratif --- Sanctions, Administrative - France --- Decriminalization - France --- Punishment - France --- France
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